Diabetes (DM) is a chronic condition in which the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. There are two main types:
- Type 1 DM — caused by insulin deficiency, usually develops in childhood or adolescence.
- Type 2 DM — associated with reduced cellular sensitivity to insulin, more common in adults and people with excess weight.
Symptoms
Key signs of diabetes include:
- Intense thirst and dry mouth
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss or gain
- Slow healing of wounds
Risk Factors for Type 2 DM
- Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle
- Hereditary predisposition
- Poor diet
- Age over 45
Possible Complications
If diabetes is uncontrolled, serious complications may develop:
- Cardiovascular diseases — heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis
- Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy)
- Eye problems (diabetic retinopathy), up to blindness
- Neuropathy — nerve damage, especially in the lower limbs
- Skin problems and slow wound healing, risk of infections
- Diabetic ketoacidosis — acute condition due to insulin deficiency (more common in Type 1)
Prevention and Control
- Healthy diet — limit fast-absorbing carbs, increase fiber intake
- Physical activity — regular exercise reduces the risk of Type 2 DM
- Weight and blood sugar control — regular check-ups with a doctor
- Avoid smoking and alcohol
Conclusion
Diabetes requires constant monitoring. A healthy lifestyle, timely diagnosis, and treatment help maintain normal blood sugar levels and significantly reduce the risk of complications.