Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder lining, most often caused by a bacterial infection. It occurs more frequently in women due to the structure of the urinary tract.
Causes
- Bacterial infections — most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- Poor hygiene or urinary tract injuries
- Cold exposure
- Reduced immunity
- Chronic urogenital diseases
Symptoms
- Frequent and painful urination
- Burning and discomfort in the lower abdomen
- Cloudy or blood-tinged urine
- Sometimes fever and general malaise
Diagnosis
- Urine analysis (general and bacteriological)
- Bladder ultrasound — in chronic or complicated cystitis
- Consultation with a urologist or therapist
Treatment
- Antibiotics — prescribed by a doctor based on urine analysis
- Plenty of fluids — helps flush out bacteria
- Anti-inflammatory medications for pain
- In chronic cystitis — identify and treat the underlying cause
Prevention
- Maintain personal hygiene
- Empty the bladder regularly
- Avoid cold exposure
- Support immunity and maintain a healthy lifestyle
Conclusion
Cystitis is a common and usually easily treatable condition. Timely medical attention and preventive measures help avoid complications such as pyelonephritis.